What is it?
When the outer ankle ligaments heal in a stretched position, and the balance reflexes around the ankle are not retrained, the ankle becomes prone to repeat sprains. Each sprain can further damage ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
What causes it?
- Previous ankle sprains
- Incomplete rehabilitation
- High-arched feet or heel alignment that tips the ankle outward
- Generalized ligament laxity
What does it feel like?
- Repeated rolling of the ankle, often on minor uneven ground
- A persistent sense of looseness
- Chronic aching or swelling on the outside of the ankle
- Avoiding sports or uneven surfaces
How is it diagnosed?
Stress tests of the ligaments during the exam, X-rays, and often MRI to look for associated cartilage or peroneal tendon injury.
When should you see a podiatrist?
- More than one significant sprain
- An ankle that gives way with daily activities
- Ongoing pain or swelling after a sprain
Nonsurgical treatment
- Physical therapy
- Balance, proprioception, and peroneal strengthening.
- Bracing or taping
- For sport and higher-risk activity.
- Footwear and orthotics
- Stabilize heel position.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is considered when the ankle remains unstable despite a complete course of physical therapy and bracing.
The stretched ligaments are tightened and reattached, sometimes reinforced with suture tape or a graft. Arthroscopy treats associated problems inside the joint.
Related procedures
What is recovery like?
Typically a few weeks in a boot, then physical therapy, with return to sport often around three to six months.
Frequently asked questions
Can a brace fix ankle instability?
A brace reduces the risk of rolling during activity but does not restore the ligament. Many people do well with therapy and bracing; others need reconstruction.