What is it?
Peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation, so injuries go unnoticed. Reduced circulation slows healing. Together, they make routine foot problems — calluses, ingrown nails, small cuts — more consequential.
What causes it?
- Elevated blood sugar over time
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Foot deformities that create pressure points
- Smoking
What does it feel like?
- Numbness, tingling, or burning
- Cold feet or color changes
- Slow-healing cuts
- Calluses that thicken or discolor
- Sometimes no symptoms at all
How is it diagnosed?
A diabetic foot exam includes testing sensation, checking pulses and circulation, examining skin and nails, and identifying pressure points and deformities. Your risk level determines how often you should be seen.
When should you see a podiatrist?
- At least yearly with diabetes — more often if you have neuropathy or poor circulation
- Any open sore, blister, or wound
- Redness, warmth, or swelling
- A change in foot shape
Nonsurgical treatment
- Regular examinations
- Frequency based on your risk level.
- Nail and callus care
- Safe professional care reduces the risk of injury.
- Diabetic shoes and inserts
- Protective footwear, which Medicare may cover for eligible patients.
- Education
- Daily self-checks and what to watch for.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be considered to correct deformities that create recurring pressure sores.
Related procedures
Frequently asked questions
How often should someone with diabetes see a podiatrist?
At least once a year for a comprehensive exam. People with neuropathy, poor circulation, or a history of ulcers are usually seen every one to three months.
Should people with diabetes cut their own toenails?
Many can with care, but those with neuropathy, poor vision, or poor circulation are generally safer having nails trimmed professionally.
Why check my feet every day?
Neuropathy can prevent you from feeling an injury. A daily look catches problems early, when they are easiest to treat.